What the Spit Told the Milk

Painters showed milk going one way, mother to baby; a popular claim says a sick baby's spit tells the milk what to fight. Part four of four: a 2025 study of 195 pairs tests which way bacteria travel.

A Second Hand on the Dial

After one antibiotic dose, fewer than three Salmonella could infect a mouse; without it, about 100,000. Part three of four: how the crowds in the gut and on the skin keep germs out.

The One Who Stayed Well

In 1892 a Munich chemist drank cholera bacteria to prove a germ alone is not enough, and never got sick. Part two of four: how the crowd already in a gut decides which germs can move in.

Nothing Grows Alone

Breast milk delivers millions of bacteria a day, and in 1899 a Paris doctor saw it picks which ones win the gut. Part one of four: what milk feeds, and what four days of antibiotics can leave missing.

Capped, Not Deleted

A bottle labeled DRINK ME shrinks Alice, yet at every size she is still Alice. Part two of two: one ancestry in two countries, a methylation signature that differs, and an intake form's diabetes box.

T Always Finds A

Mr. DNA, a mosquito in amber, and frog DNA plugging the holes. Part one of two: the three workers that really read your DNA, and a family phone call that can move a colon screening years earlier.

What the Jelly Changed

Its food, not its genes, decides whether a honeybee larva becomes a queen. Twenty thousand human genes, a DNA kit that looks for one key, and a yeast factory that stood idle.